The history of the Genoese fortress in Feodosia goes back to the fourteenth century when merchant ships of the first Genoese moored to the sea bay of Kafa. The merchants erected the first defensive walls of the future fortress around the Quarantine Hill in order to protect their possessions both from the invasion of the Tatar-Mongol troops and from the Venetian merchants, their main trade competitors. Thick stone walls of 11 meters high connected several observation towers, each had its own name. The tower built in honor of Pope Clement and the tower of Crisco named after Jesus Christ can still be seen today. In that era, the territory of the citadel resembled a trading city. Sea piers and powerful stone gates led there. Inside, there were the palaces of the consul and bishop, the treasury and the courthouse, as well as warehouses of precious stones and furs, shops, and private mansions of wealthy merchants. The rest of the residents lived outside the fortress walls. The flourishing of trade on the territory of the Genoese fortress continued until 1457 when the soldiers of the Turkish Sultan founded their Crimean capital Kafa there and built mosques and Turkish baths, the remains of which have survived to this day. Unfortunately, most of the fortifications were dismantled in the 19th century, but even today there are still many monuments of medieval architecture. Four ancient churches of the fourteenth century, built in honor of John the Baptist, John the Apostle, and St. George deserve special attention. In the Church of St. Stephen there is a perfectly preserved fragment of the original frescoes with inscriptions in Greek. Besides, an ancient stone bridge thrown over the remains of an old moat can be seen near the fortress, as well as a powerful Round Tower, which is a part of the outer defensive walls of the Genoese fortress.